Baking Powder (Best Option)
3 teaspoons per 1 teaspoon of baking sodaBaking powder contains both an acid and a base, enabling it to produce carbon dioxide gas when moistened and heated, which causes muffins to rise. It compensates for the lack of acidic ingredients needed to activate baking soda.
When substituting, use about three times the amount of baking powder to baking soda because baking powder is less potent. Ensure the recipe does not have excessive acidic ingredients to avoid off-flavors.
The final muffins will be slightly lighter and less tangy than those made with baking soda, but the texture remains tender and moist, making it the most reliable substitute.