Milk + Lemon Juice (Best Option)
1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon lemon juice (let sit 5 minutes)This substitute works because the acid in lemon juice curdles the milk slightly, mimicking the tangy acidity of buttermilk which tenderizes the bread and balances sweetness in the custard. The acidity also helps activate baking soda if used, improving rise and texture.
For best results, use whole or 2% milk and let the mixture sit for at least 5 minutes to properly acidify. Stir before adding to the recipe.
Compared to buttermilk, this substitute yields a very similar custard texture and flavor, making it the closest match for bread pudding applications.